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Since the end of World War II, there have been four times as many civil wars as interstate wars. For a small subset of nations civil war is a chronic condition: about half of the civil war nations have had at least two and as many as six conflicts. This book presents an analytical framework that has been used to identify a set of factors that make civil war more or less likely to recur in a nation where a civil war has recently terminated. The outcome...
10) The Curse of oil
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This program offers a global history of the oil industry and the issues intertwined with it, from early-20th-century prospecting in South America and the Middle East to war in Iraq. The origins and significance of OPEC figure prominently in the narrative, as do several historic and violent conflicts revolving around controlling sources or flows of oil: labor strikes in Latin America, Nasser's seizure of the Suez Canal, the Iran-Iraq war, and other...
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This informative program provides an accurate profile of the United Nations-its organization, structure, and purpose. It covers the organization from its history and status as an international zone in New York City, to explanations of its role as mediator between developed and developing nations, which often find themselves politically divided. UN officials offer candid revelations about tensions in the UN Security Council, how the balance of power...
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From Live Aid to Drop the Debt, celebrities have become warriors in the fight against poverty. But have their efforts really made a difference? In this program, Bob Geldof, Bono, and Bill Gates speak candidly about the lobbying, strategizing, and backroom deals involved in their decades of activism, and about the valuable political currency of being a star. The video goes behind the scenes of some humanitarian crusades associated with rock musicians,...
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With roller-coaster gas prices becoming the norm, this ABC News program travels the country to uncover surprising and sometimes disturbing aspects of the oil industry. Charles Gibson reports from Cushing, Oklahoma, where the price of a barrel of oil dictates the price nationally; journeys 160 miles off the coast of Louisiana to one of the deepest-drilling oil rigs in the nation; and visits "refinery row" along the greater Gulf Coast. Viewers learn...
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The Balkans and the Near East share millennia of a shared history, which stretches from sedentarization in early history to the 20th century. In the Neolithic period, in Mesopotamia and in the Balkans basic techniques and skills were developed on which Europe and the Islamic world could be based later on. Thus, for example, in the centres of "Ancient Europe" - in the middle basin of the Danube River - already in the 5th millennium people experimented...
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" As the top-ranking official at the U.S. Department of Defense in charge of economic rebuilding, Brinkley and his organization of hundreds of business volunteers struggled against bureaucratic policies to revolutionize foreign aid by leveraging America's strength--its private sector. In doing so, his team demonstrated success in the midst of failure, and created hundreds of thousands of jobs in areas long written off by the civilian bureaucracy as...
16) Exercise of power: American failures, successes, and a new path forward in the post-Cold War world
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"Since the end of the Cold War, the global perception of the United States has progressively morphed from dominant international leader to disorganized entity, seemingly unwilling to accept the mantle of leadership or unable to govern itself effectively. Robert Gates argues that this transformation is the result of the failure of political leaders to understand the complexity of American power, its expansiveness, and its limitations. He makes clear...
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"When Iranians overthrew their monarchy, rejecting a pro-Western shah in favor of an Islamic regime, many observers predicted that revolutionary turmoil would paralyze the country for decades to come. Yet forty years after the 1978-79 revolution, Iran has emerged as a critical player in the Middle East and the wider world, as demonstrated in part by the 2015 international nuclear agreement. In Iran Rising, renowned Iran specialist Amin Saikal describes...